Which visual phenomenon is stereotyped and brief, seen in both eyes, and sometimes accompanied by other sensory experiences, and is often associated with seizures?

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Visual phenomena that occur as brief, highly repeatable events and can be perceived in both eyes are characteristic of seizure-related visual auras. These simple, elementary visual experiences (such as flashes, spots, or geometric shapes) are stereotyped for a given focus and tend to last only seconds to a minute, often signaling the onset of a focal seizure. Because the visual disturbances arise from activity in the visual cortex, they can be perceived in both eyes when the seizure involves or rapidly spreads across bilateral occipital regions, and they’re frequently accompanied by other sensory phenomena or autonomic sensations as part of the ictal or pre-ictal experience. In contrast, migraine aura typically has a more gradual onset, longer duration, and more variable visual features, and while it can include sensory changes, it is not typically described as tied to seizures. Narcolepsy and neurodegenerative visual hallucinations have different clinical patterns and etiologies that do not align with the brief, stereotyped, seizure-associated visual phenomena described here.