Which disorder is defined by both vocal and multiple motor tics lasting more than one year and typically begins before age 18?

• A. Stereotypy
• B. Tourette disorder
• C. Myoclonus
• D. Essential tremor

Answer: (B)

Tourette disorder is defined by the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic that have persisted for more than a year, with onset typically before age 18. The tics may wax and wane and can change over time, but the key criteria are both motor and vocal tics and a duration of over a year beginning in childhood or adolescence. This combination distinguishes Tourette disorder from other movement or tic-related conditions.

Stereotypy involves repetitive, often rhythmic movements or sounds common in certain developmental contexts and does not fit the specific motor-plus-vocal tic pattern with the long duration and early onset. Myoclonus consists of sudden, brief jerks that aren’t organized as chronic tic patterns. Essential tremor is a tremor disorder, not a tic disorder, and lacks the defining motor-plus-vocal tic criteria.