Which disorder is defined by both vocal and multiple motor tics for at least one year before age 18, with ADHD and OCD commonly present, autosomal dominant, and associated with PANDAS?

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Multiple Choice

Which disorder is defined by both vocal and multiple motor tics for at least one year before age 18, with ADHD and OCD commonly present, autosomal dominant, and associated with PANDAS?

Tourette disorder is defined by both multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic that have been present for more than one year and begin before age 18. The fact that ADHD and OCD commonly accompany it helps distinguish it from other movement disorders and aligns with the neurodevelopmental pattern seen in Tourette. While there is genetic predisposition, inheritance is not a simple autosomal dominant pattern; it involves multiple genes with variable expression. PANDAS—a debated autoimmune association with abrupt tic onset after streptococcal infection—may be mentioned in exam questions, but it is not the defining feature of Tourette. The other conditions describe different phenomena: myoclonus involves brief, random jerks; stereotypies are repetitive, fixed actions often seen in autism; tardive dyskinesia arises from long-term antipsychotic exposure.

Tourette disorder is defined by both multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic that have been present for more than one year and begin before age 18. The fact that ADHD and OCD commonly accompany it helps distinguish it from other movement disorders and aligns with the neurodevelopmental pattern seen in Tourette. While there is genetic predisposition, inheritance is not a simple autosomal dominant pattern; it involves multiple genes with variable expression. PANDAS—a debated autoimmune association with abrupt tic onset after streptococcal infection—may be mentioned in exam questions, but it is not the defining feature of Tourette. The other conditions describe different phenomena: myoclonus involves brief, random jerks; stereotypies are repetitive, fixed actions often seen in autism; tardive dyskinesia arises from long-term antipsychotic exposure.

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